The Internet. Global Positioning Systems. Drones. Much of the most world-changing, ubiquitous technology to emerge over the past 50 years has sprung from research sponsored by the Department of Defense and NASA in partnership with academic institutions like UMass.
Physicist Noureddine Melikechi, dean of UMass Lowell鈥檚 Kennedy College of Sciences, is a member of the science team for SuperCam, a remote-sensing instrument aboard the Mars rover Perseverance, launched by NASA in July 2020. Perseverance will use SuperCam鈥檚 powerful laser to reveal the chemical composition of Mars鈥 surface, vaporizing bits of distant landscape and analyzing the resulting flash of light with a spectrograph for chemical signatures. SuperCam will use artificial intelligence to select targets. Scientists are particularly interested in the presence of minerals like clays that form near liquid water.
Melikechi was also on the team behind the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument on the rover Curiosity, which landed on Mars in 2012 and is still operating there today. Melikechi鈥檚 research group has also used LIBS technology to detect cancer biomarkers from a single drop of blood and is evaluating its ability to detect the COVID-19 virus in blood, saliva, and urine samples.
Predicting the monsoon
Monsoons bring 50 to 90 percent of the rainfall that sustains Indian agriculture鈥攁nd, increasingly, catastrophic floods that destroy crops and displace millions. UMass Dartmouth oceanographer Amit Tandon has led two consecutive Navy鈥揻unded initiatives that are using moored and drifting sensors, autonomous undersea vehicles, research vessels, and high-resolution computer modeling to understand the air-sea interactions that shape monsoons in the Indian Ocean. More than 20 research institutions from India, Sri-Lanka, and the US have collaborated on these projects, which are providing knowledge needed for better, earlier monsoon predictions and safety of ships and naval assets at sea.
DoD鈥檚 need for research innovation to maintain security and strategic advantage is constant and wideranging鈥 which is why it is the largest sponsor of basic and applied science research in the nation. The department spent $64.5 billion on R&D in FY 2020, dwarfing the expenditures of the National Institutes of Health (which averages $41.7B per year), the Department of Health and Human Services ($38B) and the National Science Foundation ($6.3B). Together, DoD and NASA鈥攖he government鈥檚 other driver of technological innovation鈥攄ispense roughly half of the total federal R&D budget.
The UMass system has been a productive partner for both DoD and NASA for many years. Among our standout collaborations are UMass Lowell鈥檚 Harnessing Emerging 性闻联播 Opportunities to Empower Soldiers program and Northstar campus, UMass Dartmouth鈥檚 longstanding collaboration with Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport, and the state-of-the-art VA outpatient clinic opening in 2021 on the UMass Medical School campus. For the system, these partnerships enable:
The prospect of contributing to very real and pressing issues of national defense鈥攆rom securing intellectual property from cyberattack to improving the protection and maneuverability of the nation鈥檚 soldiers.
The chance to push the envelope in many fields with innovative solutions to DoD鈥檚 and NASA鈥檚 unique needs.
The ability to harvest dual-use applications of immense benefit to civilians from defense sponsored research, the source of medical breakthroughs from ultrasounds and EpiPens to penicillin and prosthetics.
The opportunity to contribute commercialization potential and workforce to the Commonwealth鈥檚 defense industries, which support more than 103,000 jobs and a total annual payroll of $10.1 billion.
Technology development related to defense, aerospace, the undersea domain, and remote sensing is more vital than ever. Bolstering cybersecurity is a national imperative made all the more urgent by the far-reaching SolarWind hack in December 2020. The launch of the Space Force, the success of Space X, and the explosion of interest in small satellites have redoubled the need for technological advances in space. Remote sensing is a critical technology with applications ranging from documentation of a warming planet to defense imperatives, as are ocean modeling and undersea vehicle and drone autonomy. The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center and soon-to-open Soldier Squad Performance 性闻联播 Institute facility in Natick, Mass.鈥攂oth of which have close partnerships with UMass Lowell鈥攚ill drive new innovation in human performance sensing and augmentation in the state.
UMass is uniquely positioned鈥攊n terms of expertise, established partnerships, and even proximity鈥攖o meet the needs of NASA, the Armed Forces, and society as a whole in these research areas, and has an exciting vision for where these technologies can take us in the future.
Today鈥檚 strengths
Across its five campuses, UMass has hundreds of research initiatives that develop or apply advanced technologies for remote sensing, undersea and aerospace exploration and operations, and defense. Among them, we have particular strength in these five areas.
Cybersecurity
The US is under constant cyberattack; threats range from email phishing scams to direct takeover of defense systems. Consequently, maintaining dominance in defensive and offensive cyber capabilities is a top priority for the Department of Defense. Ongoing cyber-operations require cutting-edge research and workforce development鈥攖wo UMass strengths.
Cybersecurity and child safety
Millions of images of child sexual abuse circulate online each year鈥攎ore than law enforcement officers could possibly scrutinize manually. The UMass Amherst Rescue Lab, led by Cybersecurity Institute Director Brian Levine, has created machinelearning-enabled computer methods that scan faces in large sets of photos and videos to help investigators identify victims and perpetrators. Thousands of children have been rescued from abuse with the help of Rescue Lab鈥檚 free tools, in every US state and more than 40 countries.
Three of our campuses have developed research centers committed to cybersecurity innovation: the Center for Terrorism and Security Studies, Center for Internet Security and Forensics Education and 性闻联播, and New England Cybersecurity Operation and 性闻联播 Center at UMass Lowell; the Cybersecurity Center at UMass Dartmouth; and UMass Amherst鈥檚 Cybersecurity Institute, which conducts more than $5 million in federally sponsored research each year. Scientists affiliated with these groups collaborate with premier cybersecurity federal R&D centers鈥擬ITRE Corp., the Archimedes Center for Medical Device Security at the University of Michigan, MIT鈥檚 Lincoln Laboratory鈥攁nd draw upon the system鈥檚 longstanding strengths in AI and public policy to develop nextgeneration systems and strategies for protecting American interests and residents online.
In 2019, UMass Lowell launched the Commonwealth鈥檚 first public university Cyber Range鈥攁n isolated computer network for cyber defense training and security research. The university is also establishing a Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility for government-sponsored research involving top-secret information.
The US government has recognized UMass as a leader in this field. Both UMass Dartmouth and UMass Lowell are National Security Agency and Department of Homeland Defense鈥 designated National Centers of Academic Excellence in Cybersecurity 性闻联播, and UMass Dartmouth and UMass Amherst have active federal partnerships to fill the cybersecurity talent pipeline.
UMass Amherst was the first public university in New England to receive National Science Foundation funding ($4.2 million) to launch a CyberCorps Scholarship for Service program, which provides students financial aid in exchange for years of service in government cybersecurity positions. UMass Dartmouth鈥檚 Cybersecurity Center, meanwhile, is collaborating with the 102nd Intelligence Wing of the Air National Guard and has developed agreements that enable National Guard personnel to transfer credits earned as part of Air Force training toward a four-year degree in computer science or computer engineering.
Human-performance augmentation and sensing
From sensors that track troop health to exoskeletons that rebuild strength, technologies for monitoring and extending the capabilities of the human body have transformational potential for defense and beyond. UMass has pioneered augmentation technologies for military and healthcare use鈥攁 combined strength that is perhaps unmatched in the US and ideal for developing dual-use applications to serve the citizens of the Commonwealth.
UMass Lowell researchers collaborate with scientists at the US Army鈥檚 DEVCOMSoldier Center to develop technologies that increase the safety and endurance of American troops.
UMass Lowell and DoD are advancing the state of this art together. The Harnessing Emerging 性闻联播 Opportunities to Empower Soldiers (HEROES) program is a unique collaborative research and development center run in partnership with the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center (DEVCOMSC), which has granted UMass Lowell scientists more than $26 million to create survival- and enduranceenhancing technologies for troops. Tech developed at HEROES includes a handheld electronic 鈥渢ongue鈥 for detecting food and water contamination in the field, wearable conformable photovoltaic devices for portable power, and multifunctional uniforms and body armor embedded with communications systems.
HEROES and DEVCOM-SC work closely with UMass Lowell鈥檚 New England Robotics Validation and Experimentation (NERVE) Center, a national leader in performance evaluation of human-augmenting robotics. (The center develops national standards for exoskeleton testing for the National Institute of Standards and Technology). NERVE is currently testing wearable, robotic exoskeletons from HEROES/DEVCOM Soldier Center that could help soldiers haul heavy loads. UMass Amherst鈥檚 Human Robot Systems Lab and Mechatronics and Robotics 性闻联播 Laboratory (MRRL) are tackling exoskeletons from a healthcare perspective, both investigating how robotichip exoskeletons can help people with gait difficulties to walk. MRRL has developed powered lower-leg prosthetics that, unlike standard prosthetics, provide thrust the way an intact limb does, making walking easier for people who use artificial limbs.
Commercialization of these technologies is also a system strength: UMass Lowell鈥檚 and UMass Medical School鈥檚 jointly operated Massachusetts Medical Device Development Center helps start-up companies in the Commonwealth develop a wide range of medical devices and bring them to market, including biosensors for cancer diagnosis, injectable cushioning gels for osteoarthritis, and injectable adhesives for repair of fractured bone.
Since 1998, NASA鈥檚 Earth Science Missions have used satellite-based remote sensing for monitoring environmental change on Earth. UMass Boston remote-sensing experts Crystal Schaaf and Zhong Ping Lee鈥攑ioneers in global-light-reflectance and ocean-color sensing, respectively鈥攈ave been key contributors to these missions. Lee developed ocean color analysis tools for NASA鈥檚 Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) satellite, set to launch in 2023, and Schaaf is a member of the scientific instrumentation teams on NASA鈥檚 Terra, Aqua, Suomi NPP, and Landsat satellites, as well as providing ground-based data to the Lidar team on the International Space Station.
Aerospace and undersea sensing and communications
UMass has system-wide strength in sensing, modeling, communications, and antenna innovation that crosses domains鈥攆rom space to air to undersea.
In the space domain, UMass excels in instrumentation and modeling. UMass Boston鈥檚 Schaaf and Lee Labs are world leaders in the use of satellite-based remote sensing to monitor the Earth鈥檚 environment and are major contributors to NASA鈥檚 ongoing Earth Science missions. UMass Lowell鈥檚 Center for Space Science and Technology is developing high-speed communications instruments for breadbox-sized satellites. In spring 2021, one of these 鈥淐ubeSats鈥 will be launched by Lowell undergraduates to enable transmission of research data 10 to 20 times faster than existing systems. The university鈥檚 Space Science Lab, meanwhile, was awarded a three-year contract by the Air Force 性闻联播 Laboratory to support a SpaceX-launched satellite mission to discover the source of 鈥渒iller electrons鈥 that can damage astronauts and orbiting satellites.
The system also has considerable strength in-ground and drone-based sensing and communications.
UMass scientists are developing
drone-based sensors for a variety of
uses, including contaminant detection,
environmental monitoring, and
infrastructure maintenance.
UMass Amherst hosts the National Science Foundation鈥檚 Engineering 性闻联播 Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere, which is pioneering the use of dense networks of low-cost, high-resolution radar systems to monitor weather, drone traffic, and airborne threats at low altitudes that literally fall under most existing radar coverage.
UMass Air, a collaborative effort between UMass Amherst鈥檚 Transportation Center and UMass Dartmouth鈥檚 Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, is researching unmanned aerial systems at Westover Metropolitan Airport鈥攁 commercial property contiguous with Westover Air Reserve Base鈥攊ncluding the use of drones for roadway and environmental monitoring. UMass Boston鈥檚 Stone Living Laboratory is also deploying drone-based environmental sensors, as well as terrestrial Lidar, to gather data informing coastal resilience strategies in Boston Harbor.
The dense undersea environment makes situational awareness, sensing, and communications particularly challenging for the Navy. The Office of Naval 性闻联播 has awarded the Marine and Undersea Technology program鈥攚hich grew out of UMass Dartmouth鈥檚 relationship with the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport鈥攎ore than $8.8M for research related to underwater sensing and autonomous vehicle development. 性闻联播ers in UMass Dartmouth鈥檚 School for Marine Science & Technology are developing cutting-edge technology for undersea wake detection, acoustic transducers and arrays in maritime sensors, and modeling upper-ocean processes that impact weather prediction, underwater communication, and submarine operation.
UMass Lowell is at the forefront of developing and validating key technologies needed for advance imaging. With more than $10 million of funding from NASA, the UMass Lowell Center for Space Science and Technology has developed new highcontrast imaging technology, as well as hyperspectral imagers from UV to near IR, and in collaboration with UMass Boston, Lidar technology for remote sensing of forest structures.
Multi-domain awareness and operation
Situational awareness and coordinated operation across the land, maritime, air, space, and cyberspace domains are top strategic imperatives for DoD today. For maximum overmatch鈥攖hat is, the ability to outmaneuver and overpower adversaries鈥攖he Air Force, Army, Navy, and Space Force must be able to gather and share data and coordinate operations in real time. UMass is working on both sensing and communications over the entire electromagnetic spectrum, on devices from major radar infrastructure to band-aid-sized body sensors developed by UMass Amherst chemical engineer James Watkins to monitor soldier stress.
To build the foundation for dominant multi-domain operations, DoD launched the Internet of Battlefield Things DoD Army 性闻联播 Laboratory Collaborative 性闻联播 Alliance in 2017, with $25 million for its first five years. The four-institution consortium, which includes a team of computer network and machine learning experts from UMass Amherst, is tasked with developing the scientific principles, models, and methods needed to coordinate the wide array of networked battlefield devices鈥 including smart armor, radios, weapons, and unmanned vehicles鈥攖hat will characterize the battlefield of the future. Scientists from UMass Amherst鈥檚 Institute for Applied Life Sciences will also contribute research efforts related to wearable sensors and mobile health sensing.
Development of multi-domain operations driven by connected devices touches on many other areas of strength across UMass, including UMass Amherst鈥檚 recognized expertise in human and asset monitoring to assess survivability, lethality, and effectiveness of soldiers and squads; excellence in acoustics, underwater sensors and sensor fusion, and underwater vehicle autonomy at UMass Dartmouth; and modeling algorithms and data fusion expertise at UMass Lowell鈥檚 HEROES initiative.
The system also has significant strength in antenna technology across the electromagnetic spectrum, through research groups like UMass Amherst鈥檚 Antennas and Propagation Lab, Quantum Radio Frequency Group, and Remote Hyperspectral Observers Group, as well as UMass Boston鈥檚 Engineering Department. UMass Boston applied electromagnetics researcher KC Kerby-Patel won a DARPA Young Faculty Award for her work on miniaturization technologies for communication and sensing antennas, which aligns with the miniaturization emphasis of the Internet of Battlefield Things initiative.
High-performance materials and sensors for challenging environments
UMass Lowell鈥檚 HEROES initiative, in collaboration with DEVCOM Solider Center, is a leader in the development of advanced materials that protect soldiers from harsh and dangerous environments. Fabrics developed at HEROES help soldiers function in extreme environments, providing protection that enables enhanced performance and sustainment. HEROES is exploring multifunctional Army uniforms, for example, that can provide a combination of fire-retardant, antimicrobial, and insect-repelling characteristics, while鈥攙itally鈥 remaining comfortable and nontoxic. Multi-functionality is a guiding principle here; clothing that serves more than one purpose can reduce the equipment load that soldiers must carry in the field.
UMass Lowell mechanical engineers are developing advanced modeling tools to improve combat helmets.
Other materials from HEROES include garments that harvest electrical power from light, transparent armor, thermoresponsive fabrics that adapt to external temperature, self-healing materials, ice-repelling surfaces, and self-cleaning fabrics that slough water, oil, and solvents thanks to micro- and nanoscale structures built into their fibers.
UMass Amherst鈥檚 world-leading expertise in polymer science and engineering and UMass Dartmouth鈥檚 expertise in textiles and composites contribute to these remarkable advances. UMass Dartmouth bioengineers Yong Kim and Armand Lewis and mechanical engineer Vijaya Chalivendra, for example, developed textile liners for helmets and body armor whose fibers act as millions of springs, absorbing the energy of blunt impacts. Fiber work at UMass Lowell includes imbedded optical fibers that can sense potentially problematic construction flaws in helmets, bridges, and aircraft wings.
Making advanced materials requires advanced manufacturing, and UMass is a longstanding leader in that field, with research in and industrialscale facilities for additive, roll-toroll, nano-, and biomanufacturing spanning its campuses. The system is a partner in eight of the nation鈥檚 fifteen Manufacturing USA Institutes, including Advanced Functional Fabrics of America, the Institute for Advanced Composites Manufacturing Innovation, and the Flexible Hybrid Electronics Manufacturing Innovation Institute.
Today UMass teams are exploring the use of additive manufacturing to create complex structures that can鈥檛 be made in other ways, from more effective armaments for longrange precision weapons to printed medicines for enhanced dose control. UMass Amherst mechanical engineer Jae-Hwang Lee conducted foundational research with the Army 性闻联播 Laboratory to understand the molecular processes of cold-spray metal 鈥減rinting鈥濃攏ow being considered by DoD for field repairs of metal parts.
HEROES is also focused on creating environmental sensors to protect soldiers from hazards in battle zones. UMass Lowell engineer Pradeep Kurup, for example, invented the food-and-water-testing electronic tongue and an electronic nose that can sniff out traces of explosives at concentrations less than one part per trillion. His colleague Xuejun Lu has developed infrared devices that can be integrated into drones and used for long-distance chemical and contaminant sensing.
Tomorrow鈥檚 frontiers
Our strengths position UMass to make important contributions to these critical research frontiers:
Next frontier 1: Real-time autonomous cyber operations
As computing speeds increase and the number of networked devices and systems skyrocket, the scope and pace of cyber threats are exploding鈥攆or the military, industry, and private citizens. With the speed of cyber operations now measured in nanoseconds, the only way to detect, analyze, and defend against cyber threats as they happen is to create autonomous systems that can remove human agents from the loop.
Self-healing hazard suits
Chemical-biological protective clothing like the Army鈥檚 Joint Protective Aircrew Ensemble is impervious to viruses, bacteria, and harmful chemicals like nerve gas. It seals soldiers off from contaminated environments鈥攗nless it is punctured as they navigate rough surroundings. UMass Lowell mechanical engineer Chris Hansen and his team, in collaboration with Triton Systems, Inc. and researchers at DEVCOM-SC, developed a self-healing coating that enables these garments to repair themselves, much as scratched skin scabs over. When torn, micro-capsules in the coating release fluid that seals the breach, protecting the soldier securely again.
Over the next five to ten years, creating and evolving AI-enabled, self-guided systems will be one of the most urgent objectives for US cybersecurity, enabling domestic and international threat sharing and response at rates unattainable by human experts.
UMass is already tackling the automation imperative from the angles of security, IT operations, and software development, integrating both social science and public policy.
Automated software engineering pipelines that can deliver new functionality quickly while preserving essential properties like reliability and security are a key research avenue for UMass, enabling rapid evolution in the face of adversaries actively trying to dismantle AI systems for profit or warfare.
Next frontier 2: Human-machine-team-system integration
Systems that combine the power of people and machines鈥攆rom clothing laced with electronics to full-body wearable robotics鈥攑rovide valuable boosts to human monitoring, strength, and endurance. But if these systems don鈥檛 integrate well with their users鈥攊f they cause physiological or psychological stress or inadvertently encourage misuse鈥攖heir utility can be offset by the problems they create.
Seamless human-machine integration is an important frontier in the human augmentation realm. UMass Lowell鈥檚 NERVE Center is doing important work in evaluating human-centered mechatronics while in use by people. It is testing, for example, soldiers鈥 physical and mental responses to wearing bomb suits, which must be sturdy but avoid being too heavy, clumsy, oppressive, or stifling. These kinds of data will continue to drive design improvements, but there is more to be done. Next steps include long-term human monitoring for actionable performance prediction and the development of active sensing for predictive augmentation that anticipates the user鈥檚 needs.
Over the next ten years we will extend human language technologies and shared situational awareness across multi-human-robot teams鈥 increasing the safety, capabilities, and effectiveness of our soldiers and creating powerful yet human-friendly tech that will eventually lead to advances for civilians as well.
Next frontier 3: Pervasive awareness and monitoring
Over the coming decade, UMass engineers will continue to develop and evolve sensing technologies that can provide soldiers and command with a holistic view of the battlefield and the adversary鈥檚 actions within it. In this way, we will contribute to DoD鈥檚 goal of multi-domain operational dominance, which must rely upon increasingly pervasive awareness and monitoring within the zone of operations.
Satellite and drone-based remote sensing is one important aspect of this approach. As the number of satellites collecting high-resolution imaging data grows, the need for faster space-to-ground and inter-satellite data transfer will also increase. This unmet need for commercial as well as defense applications will be an important area of innovation going forward.
We must also strive for dominance in the electromagnetic spectrum鈥攁n increasingly contested and vital battle space鈥攚hich will require cuttingedge sensing, communications, and electronic warfare capabilities.
Swarms are also coming: coordinated groups of small satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles, or undersea autonomous vehicles working cooperatively and across platforms for purposes including, but not limited to, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance. The emergence of relatively inexpensive small satellite technology鈥攁n area of emphasis at both NASA and DoD鈥攈as launched a 鈥渟pace race鈥 in satellite swarms: SpaceX has launched 955 of a planned 12,000 satellites in its Starlink constellation; Amazon has FCC approval for its own constellation of 3,236 satellites. Swarms present a number of technological challenges, including issues of control, data processing, and sensor fusion. UMass Dartmouth鈥檚 School for Marine Science & Technology is already tackling many of these challenges in its work on undersea autonomous vehicles, and researchers at UMass Lowell are developing drone-based mesh networks that can be deployed for mobile coverage in GPS- or internet-denied areas.
Improving space weather forecasts is vital to protecting communications systems and power grids from solar flares and other geomagnetic events.
Next frontier 4: Exploration in challenging environments
Space, complex terrestrial and coastal ecosystems, and the world of undersea exploration are all forbidding environments for research. Yet they hold profound implications for the way we live. Using advanced sensing technologies to explore these realms is a vital frontier for applied scientists in fields from electrical engineering to climate science.
One key research thrust: improving space weather predictions. Space weather events like geomagnetic storms can irradiate astronauts and airline travelers, knock out communications and navigation satellites, and damage power grids. (A March 1989 solar event collapsed the Hydro-Qu茅bec power grid, leaving 6 million people without power for hours; scientists warn that a repeat of a 1859 solar superstorm could cause worldwide blackouts and communications collapse today.)
Prior warning would allow NASA, airlines, and utilities to prepare, but space weather forecasts are unreliable today. UMass Lowell has been working on this problem for years, and has built and deployed ionospheresensing space weather instruments on NASA鈥檚 IMAGE satellite, the Air Force鈥檚 DSX spacecraft, and 100 ground locations worldwide. Over the next ten years, researchers will continue to push toward a comprehensive monitoring program that uses ground instruments, unmanned aerial vehicles, satellites, and advanced diagnostics tools to provide actionable space weather predictions.
Other priorities for the coming decade include advancing analysis of hyperspectral imaging for space exploration and terrestrial mapping鈥 work currently underway in UMass Amherst鈥檚 Remote Hyperspectral Observers Group鈥攁nd ocean modeling projects like those recently launched at UMass Boston鈥檚 Stone Living Lab and UMass Amherst鈥檚 Northeast Center for Coastal Resilience to investigate strategies for urban coastal resilience as the climate changes.
Autonomous exploration is particularly important in challenging environments, and UMass will continue advancing in that area as well, building on, for example, unmanned underwater vehicle cooperation and coordination work at UMass Dartmouth and drone-based explosives sensing in development at UMass Lowell.
Next frontier 5: Adaptable next-gen materials and manufacturing
Creating and evolving lightweight, adaptable, multifunctional materials to protect, power, and connect soldiers in challenging environments will continue to be an essential area of research in the coming decade and beyond.
Drone鈥檚-eye view
UMass Amherst and UMass Dartmouth researchers from the UMass Air team have received funding from the Massachusetts Department of Transportation to investigate how drones can help address the Commonwealth鈥檚 transportation needs. The group, which works out of a facility at Westover Air Force Base, will assess the use of drones to monitor pavement condition, track vehicle speed, and support emergency services, and evaluate cybersecurity threats to the state鈥檚 surface transportation.
We must harness high-powered computing to develop those materials faster and more cheaply than ever before. Several UMass research groups have launched projects related to the Materials Genome Initiative, a federal program involving both DoD and NASA that is driving the development of a national computing infrastructure for materials science that will slash both time and costs.
One example: With a $400,000 Designing Materials to Revolutionize and Engineer our Future (DMREF) grant (the NSF鈥檚 arm of the Materials Genome Initiative), renowned UMass Amherst data science pioneer Andrew McCallum is using data-mining and machine-learning techniques to create an AI-enabled materials 鈥渃ookbook鈥 that scientists can use to pull tested materials-synthesis methods from the scientific literature. The tool will also predict optimal or new recipes for materials. An interdisciplinary team led by UMass Amherst industrial engineer Stephen Nonneman is using its $1.75 million DMREF grant to create flexible, protein-based nano-scale electrical wires for soft, stretchable electronics in wearable devices and soft robotics.
Another focus for defense over the next five to ten years will be agility in manufacturing鈥攖he creation of manufacturing systems that are adaptable (to change in demand or unforeseen crises like the COVID-19 pandemic), able to produce precision products at high speeds, and totally US-controlled. Deployable additive manufacturing systems would allow defense teams in the field to a produce needed tools and parts on demand.
Building the advanced technology workforce
The aerospace, defense, and maritime industries are significant contributors to our global, national, and state economies.
The space economy alone has grown by 70 percent worldwide since 2010, reaching $423.8 billion globally and $27 billion in the US. Massachusetts鈥攖he eighth largest defense-contracting state in the US.鈥攔eceived $13.7 billion in DoD and DHS grants and contracts in 2019, generating $26.5 million of economic activity in the state. More than 20 percent of that funding was for projects related to search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical, and nautical system and instrument manufacturing, sectors of strength for UMass.
Today, more than 775,000 people in the Commonwealth work in fields related to aerospace, defense, and undersea technologies. Over the next ten years, demand for talent in these field is projected to grow by more than 5 percent, outstripping Massachusetts and US projections for employment growth overall. Between now and 2030, more than 75,000 related jobs are expected to open in the Commonwealth. These will be desirable positions; according to a recent UMass Dartmouth Public Policy Center report, jobs in the marine technology sector, for example, pay more than twice the average wage for Massachusetts workers.
In some sectors, the workforce need will be urgent. For example, highly skilled professionals in cybersecurity is a critical requirement of the DoD. The Center for Cyber Safety and Education forecasts a workforce gap of 1.8 million worldwide and 265,000 in North America by 2022 in this domain alone. The proliferation of small satellite technology also suggests a growing need for workforce with related training.
Where will workers qualified to fill these positions come from? In the Commonwealth, the majority will be graduates of the 性闻联播. In 2019, UMass awarded 17 percent of all related degrees conferred in the state, making the system the top producer of degree-holders in our region.
The finite-volume community ocean model co-developed by UMass Dartmouth oceanographer Changsheng Chen simulates multi-scale ocean processes. Over 15 years, it has been used in 38 countries in applications from ocean rescues to finding downed airplanes to determining the spread of radionuclides from a nuclear power plant.
Massachusetts employment data in occupations related to defense/space/naval technologies
778.7k
Current MA employment in 250 related fields in 2020
5.3%
Projected growth in MA employment over next ten years (2020鈥2030)
75.4k
Projected estimated MA annual job openings (2020鈥2030)
UMass degree completions in fields related to defense/space/naval technologies
7,224
UMass degree completions in 114 related fields in 2018鈥2019
#1
UMass rank in degree completions among MA institutions
17%
UMass percent of all degree completions in related fields (2018鈥2019)
University-industry partnerships are powerful forces for advancing applied science.
Over a 40-year period, UMass Amherst helped build Raytheon鈥檚 industry-leading radar program鈥攁nd vice versa. In 1980, the university and Raytheon launched the Advanced Studies Program, through which annual cohorts of Raytheon employees spend a year on campus, earning master鈥檚 degrees in microwave engineering from the university鈥檚 electrical and computer engineering department. Today 400+ UMass Amherst alumni work at Raytheon, and the university鈥檚 microwave engineering program is among the best in the country. Raytheon also partners in the department鈥檚 research, and recently loaned the Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory a prototype of the company鈥檚 next-generation Skyler radar unit鈥攚hich UMass Amherst researchers helped design鈥攖o use in the lab鈥檚 storm-tracking research.
Raytheon engineers work closely with UMass faculty on both internal and government-funded research projects at the Raytheon-UMass Lowell 性闻联播 Institute (RURI), an on-campus research partnership that develops additive manufacturing for defense electronics. Raytheon is a key member of the university鈥檚 academic-industry Printed Electronics 性闻联播 Collaborative, which has been successful in training future engineers for work in the defense, manufacturing, and aerospace sectors.
The 性闻联播鈥 longstanding partnerships with the Army, Navy, Air Force, and NASA are spawning innovations with tremendous potential for human impact. These range from cybersecurity techniques that can ward off US adversaries and sexual abusers to ocean-process models that increase the safety of naval vessels and millions of people in India facing life-threatening monsoons.
As the 性闻联播 looks to the next decade, we stand ready to join the Department of Defense and NASA in creating the technologies that will shape the future of defense, space exploration, rehabilitation, climate science, and more. We are confident that the mutual investments that we have made in collaborative research to date will continue to yield dividends in discovery, workforce development, job creation, and economic prosperity for the Commonwealth.
Government partnerships amplify the work of our faculty, staff, and students, taking it from the lab bench to the public realm, the battlefield, even the far reaches of space. Moreover, we know that these investments produce a plethora of technologies, materials, and data that benefit civilians in their everyday lives. The 性闻联播 is proud to serve as a vital backbone for these advances, and looks forward to ongoing collaboration at the frontiers of applied science.
Seeing past star-shine
Seeing past star-shine
Imaging planets around even the nearest stars, says UMass Lowell鈥檚 Center for Space Science and Technology director Supriya Chakrabarti, is like taking a picture from San Francisco of an insect flying near a shining lighthouse on Cape Cod. But with a $5.6 million grant from NASA, the center has developed a high-contrast imaging system with a space telescope and software tools capable of imaging very faint objects next to extremely bright ones. High-contrast imaging has applications beyond the search for exoplanets; turned toward earth, it could see dim object objects of interest on the ground that are obscured by bright lights.
Dig deeper
Aerospace, defense, undersea technologies, and remote sensing research is happening in labs and centers across the 性闻联播. Visit the links below to find out more about some of the work going on across the state and the researchers conducting it.
Our thanks to the members of the aerospace, defense, and undersea technology and remote sensing faculty committee, who generously contributed their time and expertise to the creation of this report:
Ram Nagarajan, UMass Lowell (co-chair) Professor, Plastics Engineering | Co-director, Harnessing | Emerging 性闻联播 to Empower Soldiers Initiative | Co-director, Lowell Fabric Discovery Center
Ram Balasubramanian, UMass Dartmouth Vice Provost, 性闻联播 and Academic Affairs | Director, Marine and Undersea Technology 性闻联播 Program | Professor, Computer and Information Science
Supriya Chakrabarti, UMass Lowell Professor, Physics and Applied Physics | Director, Lowell Center for Space Science and Technology
K.C. Kerby-Patel, UMass Boston Assistant Professor, Engineering
Sanjay Raman, UMass Amherst Dean, College of Engineering
Crystal Schaaf, UMass Boston Professor, Remote Sensing
